Lower Limb Suspension Methods

Pin suspension is when the connection between the residual limb and the prosthesis is provided by a liner that is rolled directly on to your residual limb. This liner has a pin attachment distally that connects into a lock at the bottom of a socket. The liner will be manufactured out of a silicone or gel material which will help protect skin and distribute pressures evenly over a residual limb.

he suction suspension method is designed to match the volume of the residual limb within the socket. A combination of a liner and suspension sleeve, or a liner with a sealing band, creates a suction seal by expelling all air from the socket through a valve. This valve then creates an airlock, securely suspending the socket.

Skin suction is a suspension method primarily used for above-knee amputees. The prosthetic socket is designed so that the residual limb muscles establish a secure connection without excessive constriction. This fit is achieved by closely matching the volume of the residual limb. The prosthetic socket is worn directly on the skin, without the use of a residual limb sock.

Elevated vacuum provides a high level of suspension, offering a heightened sense of comfort and security. This system is only suitable for below-knee amputees and effectively secures the socket in place. Additionally, it can minimise pistoning, thereby reducing friction and the potential for damage to the residual limb.

Self-suspension can be achieved by utilising the bony anatomy of a residual limb. The socket is designed to contour to this bony structure, enabling effective suspension of the prosthesis. This method is commonly used in amputation levels such as partial foot, ankle disarticulations, and knee disarticulations. In many cases, a panel or cut-out design is necessary to facilitate donning and doffing the prosthesis.

The lanyard system utilizes a strap attached to the bottom of a liner, which is threaded through the bottom of the socket and secured to the outside. Due to its ease of use, this system is an excellent choice for new amputees or those who are less active and are still getting accustomed to their new prosthetic device.

A knee suspension sleeve can serve as the sole method of suspension or can be added as an additional measure for activities that require extra support. A leather cuff is also an option for below-knee amputees to suspend a prosthesis, particularly when hand dexterity is limited or skin integrity is compromised.

A suspension belt is recommended for above-knee amputees to provide suspension around the waist. This can be in the form of a soft waistband belt, or in some cases, a rigid leather belt may be necessary when additional support is required or if the residual limb length is limited.